Species of the family Araceae are known for their ethnobotanical utilization; however their species diversity is less documented. This study aimed to clarify the relationships between species diversity of the Araceae and altitudinal gradients in the mountain ecosystems in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. All species of Araceae were investigated. However, anthropogenic factors formed the main threats to decreased biodiversity. The results showed that 23 species were mostly found in the rainy season and identified into 11 genera: Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Colocasia, Lasia, Pothos, Rhaphidophora, Remusatia, Sauromatum, Scindapsus, and Typhonium. Environmental factors were also recorded. The top five dominant species were Arisaema consanguineum, Amorphophallus fuscus, Remusatia hookeriana, Amorphophallus yunnanensis and Colocasia esculenta. Thus, to maintain high biodiversity, not only the niches but also the threats should be of concern. A generalized linear model was used to detect specific environmental factors; only five species were determined using soil pH, a percentage of sand, the quantity of organic matter, a percentage of clay, light intensity, elevation and a percentage of silt, respectively. The results indicated that high species diversity of the Araceae was supported by the wide range of ecological niches. Low species diversity was found at the lowest and highest altitude. In 2014, tree permanent plots (4 m × 4 m) including one strip plot (5 m × 500 m) were established every 300 m above mean sea level (amsl) in the range 300-2565 m amsl.

• Doi Inthanon
• Thung Salaeng Luang National Park
• Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park
• Phra Buddha Chinnarat
• Namtok Phlio National Park
• Phitsanulok Night Bazaar

This campsite is at the western end, a bit more spacious and on a higher elevation with a very good view over the Si Sawat Reservoir. There is a spacious campsite next to the falls but there are no tents available for rent. Visitors are recommended to head to this campsite for camping. Another beautiful 3-tiered waterfall, located on the west end of the national park, easily accessible, 140 km from Kanchanaburi. The visitors need to bring their own tents with them for camping. The falls has low water levels during the dry seasons. The most impressive tier of the falls is located right next to this campsite. It is not just a secondary waterfall in the park, quite popular among local tourists and can be crowded during the week-end and holidays. This campsite too has a restaurant, a canteen and toilet/shower facilities. The restaurant has irregular opening time, closes 5 pm on weekdays and 6 to 7 pm on week-end and holidays.

National Park At Bo Phloi

Covering 894 km², Mae Wong National Park is situated in the Dawna Range west of Thailand in Nakhon Sawan and Kamphaeng Phet provinces. All surrounding protected sites including Mae Wong are known to have an impressive record of larger mammals like tigers, elephants, gaurs, bantengs and more. The neighbouring parks are Khlong Lan National Park to the north, Umphang National Park to the east and Huai Kha Khaeng National Park to the south. The forests of the national park is part of the huge continuous forest called Western Forest Complex, about 18,730 km², including 19 national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in both Thailand and Myanmar. The park is rugged and hilly with the highest peak Khao Mo Ko Chu at 1,964 m asl, one of highest in Thailand. The rainy season in the park is June to October, the winter season with cooler weather is November to February, summer (hot) season is March to May.

The tiger population in Mae Wong National Park is perhaps not as big as in neighbouring Huai Kha Khaeng or Thung Yai further south, but camera traps reveal that there are still roaming tigers in the area. Other rare birds recorded from the park are (some may be historical records); Burmese yuhinas, rufous-necked hornbills, crested kingfishers, yellow-bellied fairy-fantails, yellow-bellied flowerpeckers, white-throated bulbuls, yellow-vented leaf warblers, grey-breasted parrotbills, dark-sided thrushes, rufous-browed flycatchers, brown-crowned scimitar babblers, Pallas’s leaf warblers, pale-capped pigeons, black-throated laughingthrushes, silver-eared laughingthrushes, rufous-backed sibias, small niltavas, spot-necked babblers and slaty-bellied tesias. Some other mammals that can be found in the park are Asian black bears, back-striped weasels, binturongs, stump-tailed macaques, Malayan tapirs, lar gibbons, Malayan porcupines, golden jackals, Bengal slow loris, yellow-throated martens, banded linsangs, large Indian civets, small-toothed palm civets, Indochinese serows, Asian red-cheeked squirrels, black giant squirrels and Phayre’s flying squirrels. In Thailand, rusty-capped fulvetta is a resident bird only known to be found in Mae Wong National Park. Currently, there are more than 340 birds recorded from the park. A camera survey by DNP from 2011 captured nine tiger individuals. Mae Wong is one of the best places in Thailand for birdwatching.

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